Amoniya (NH3)

Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi

Ammonia yemvura, inozivikanwawo seammonia isina mvura, imvura isina ruvara ine hwema hwakasimba uye inoparadza. Sechinhu chakakosha chemakemikari, ammonia inowanzo shandiswa kuwana ammonia yemvura nekudzvanya kana kutonhora ammonia yegasi kuti zvive nyore kutakurwa nekuchengetwa. Ammonia yemvura inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, uye inogadzira ammonium ion NH4+ uye hydroxide ion OH- mushure mekunyungudika mumvura. Mhinduro yacho ndeye alkaline. Ammonia yemvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri, inoparadza uye iri nyore kuputika, saka mwero wayo wengozi yemakemikari wakakwira zvikuru. Ammonia yemvura isolvent isinganyungudike inowanikwa kazhinji, uye inoshandiswawo sezvinhu zvinotonhorera uye zvekugadzira maindasitiri. Inoshandiswa mukugadzira fetereza, zvinoputika, mapurasitiki uye fiber dzemakemikari. Mhinduro yesimbi-mvura ine simba rekuderedza simba uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kweinorganic uye organic. Inowanzo shandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari ekuchinja ane mamiriro e oxidation akaderera. Mumakemikari echisikigo, sodium-liquid ammonia solution inoshandiswa muBirch reduction reaction kuderedza aromatic ring kuenda ku cyclohexadiene ring system. Liquid ammonia solutions ye sodium kana zvimwe simbi inogonawo kuderedza alkynes kugadzira trans-olefins. Muindasitiri yemakemikari, liquid ammonia ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa pakugadzira urea. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari, inoshandiswa zvakanaka mumaindasitiri e semiconductor ne metallurgical. Liquid ammonia inonyanya kuchengetwa mumasilinda esimbi anodzivirira kumanikidzwa kana matangi esimbi, uye haigone kugara pamwe chete ne acetaldehyde, acrolein, boron nezvimwe zvinhu. Liquid ammonia cylinders dzinofanira kuchengetwa mu warehouse kana papuratifomu ine shed. Padzinoiswa mumhepo yakavhurika, dzinofanira kuvharwa netende kudzivirira zuva rakananga. Masilinda esimbi nemarori ematangi anotakura liquid ammonia anofanira kudzivirirwa kubva pakupisa panguva yekufambisa, uye fireworks dzinorambidzwa zvachose.

Kushandiswa:

1. Fetereza yemakemikari:
Ammonia yemvura inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira nitric acid, urea nedzimwe fetereza dzemakemikari.
 
2. Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa:
Inogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvitsva mumishonga nemishonga yezvipembenene.
 
3. Kugadzirwa kweroketi, roketi rinopfungaira:
Muindasitiri yekudzivirira, inoshandiswa mukugadzira maroketi, chinodzivirira maroketi.
 
4. Chinotonhodza:
Inogona kushandiswa semuchina wekuisa mufiriji.
 
5. Kupedzwa kwemachira kwakagadziriswa nemercerized:
Ammonia yemvura inogona kushandiswawo pakupedzwa kwemachira nemercerized.

Saizi yePakeji:

Zvakanakira:

1. Fekitori yedu inogadzira NH3 kubva pazvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, pamusoro pezvo mutengo wayo wakachipa.
2. NH3 inogadzirwa mushure memaitiro akawanda ekuchenesa nekugadzirisa mufekitori yedu. Sisitimu yekudzora yepamhepo inovimbisa kuchena kwegasi padanho rega rega. Chigadzirwa chapera chinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa.
3. Panguva yekuzadza, sirinda inofanira kutanga yaoma kwenguva yakareba (inenge maawa gumi nematanhatu), tobva taisa sirinda muchina wekuchenesa, tozoibvisa negasi rekutanga. Nzira dzese idzi dzinoita kuti gasi rive rakachena musirinda.
4. Tagara tiri mumunda wegesi kwemakore mazhinji, ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira nekutengesa kunze kwenyika runoita kuti vatengi vativimbe, vanogutsikana nebasa redu uye vanotipa mhinduro dzakanaka.