Mumakore zana-refu ekuda kwekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kabhoni, nyika dzepasirese dziri kushingaira kutsvaga chizvarwa chinotevera chesimba remagetsi, uye girini.ammoniayave kutarisisa pasi rose munguva pfupi yapfuura. Kuenzaniswa nehydrogen, ammonia iri kuwedzera kubva kune yakajairika fetiraiza yekurima munda kuenda kumunda wesimba nekuda kwekunakirwa kwayo kuri pachena mukuchengetedza nekufambisa.

Faria, nyanzvi paYunivhesiti yeTwente kuNetherlands, akati nekukwira kwemitengo yekabhoni, green ammonia inogona kunge iri mambo wemangwana wemafuta emvura.

Saka, chii chaizvo chinonzi green ammonia? Chimiro chayo chebudiriro chii? Ndeapi mamiriro ekushandisa? Zvinodhura here?

Green ammonia uye chimiro chayo chekusimudzira

Hydrogen ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwezvinhuammoniaproduction. Naizvozvo, zvichienderana neakasiyana kabhoni emissions mukugadzirwa kwehydrogen, ammonia inogona zvakare kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvinotevera nemuvara:

Gireyiammonia: Yakagadzirwa kubva kune yechinyakare fossil simba (gasi remusikirwo nemarasha).

Bhuruu ammonia: Raw hydrogen inotorwa kubva mumafuta, asi kabhoni yekutora uye kuchengetedza tekinoroji inoshandiswa mukunatsa.

Bhuruu-girinhi ammonia: Iyo methane pyrolysis process inobvisa methane kuita haidrojeni uye kabhoni. Iyo hydrogen yakadzoserwa mukuita iyi inoshandiswa seyakabikwa kugadzira ammonia uchishandisa girinhi magetsi.

Green ammonia: Magetsi egirinhi anogadzirwa nesimba rinodzokororwa semhepo uye simba rezuva rinoshandiswa kugezesa mvura kugadzira hydrogen, uyezve ammonia inogadzirwa kubva kunitrogen nehydrogen mumhepo.

Nekuti green ammonia inoburitsa nitrogen nemvura mushure mekutsva, uye isingaburitse kabhoni dhaikisaidhi, green ammonia inoonekwa se "zero-carbon" mafuta uye imwe yeakakosha akachena simba masosi mune ramangwana.

The global greenammoniamusika uchiri kutanga. Kubva pamaonero epasirese, saizi yemusika wegirinhi ammonia ingangoita US$36 miriyoni muna 2021 uye inotarisirwa kusvika US$5.48 bhiriyoni muna 2030, iine avhareji yegore rekukura kwechikamu che74.8%, icho chine mukana wakakura. Yundao Capital inofanotaura kuti kugadzirwa kwepagore kwegirinhi ammonia kuchapfuura matani emamiriyoni makumi maviri muna 20 uye kudarika 560 miriyoni matani muna 2050, ichiverengera anopfuura makumi masere muzana epasi rose kugadzirwa kweammonia.

Kubva munaGunyana 2023, anopfuura makumi matanhatu egirini ammonia mapurojekiti akaiswa pasi rese, aine huwandu hwakarongwa hwekugadzira hunopfuura 35 miriyoni matani / gore. Mhiri kwemakungwa mapurojekiti eammonia ari kunyanya kugoverwa muAustralia, South America, Europe uye Middle East.

Kubva 2024, indasitiri yegirini ammonia muChina yakagadzira nekukurumidza. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, kubvira 2024, anopfuura makumi maviri egirinhi hydrogen ammonia mapurojekiti akasimudzirwa. Envision Technology Group, China Energy Construction, State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group, nezvimwewo vakaisa mari inosvika mazana maviri emabhiriyoni eyuan mukusimudzira mapurojekiti egirinhi ammonia, ayo achaburitsa huwandu hukuru hwegirini yekugadzira ammonia mune ramangwana.

Mamiriro ekushandisa egreen ammonia

Sesimba rakachena, green ammonia ine akasiyana ekushandisa mamiriro mune ramangwana. Pamusoro pekushandisa zvechinyakare zvekurima nemaindasitiri, zvakare zvinonyanya kusanganisira kusanganisa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, mafuta ekufambisa, kabhoni fixation, hydrogen kuchengetedza uye mamwe minda.

1. Shipping industry

Carbon dioxide emissions kubva mukutakura account ye3% kusvika 4% yepasi rose carbon dioxide emissions. Muna 2018, International Maritime Organisation yakatora hurongwa hwekutanga hwekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwegasi regreenhouse, ichikurudzira kuti panosvika gore ra2030, kuburitsa kabhoni pasi rose kuchaderedzwa nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana kana zvichienzaniswa ne2008, uye kuyedza kuderedza ne70% panosvika 2050. kuti uwane kuderedzwa kwekabhoni uye decarbonization muindasitiri yekutumira, mafuta akachena anotsiva simba refossil ndiyo inonyanya kuvimbisa hunyanzvi nzira.

Zvinowanzotendwa muindasitiri yekutumira kuti green ammonia ndeimwe yemafuta makuru ekubvisa carbonization muindasitiri yekutumira mune ramangwana.

Lloyd's Register of Shipping yakambofanotaura kuti pakati pa2030 na2050, chikamu cheammonia semafuta ekufambisa chichawedzera kubva pa7% kusvika 20%, kutsiva gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa uye mamwe mafuta kuti ave akakosha ekufambisa mafuta.

2. Indasitiri yekugadzira magetsi

Ammoniakupisa hakuburitse CO2, uye kupisa kwakasanganiswa kweammonia kunogona kushandisa zvivakwa zviripo zvemagetsi emarasha pasina gadziriso huru kumutumbi weboiler. Icho chiyero chinoshanda chekudzikisa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kubuda mumagetsi emagetsi emarasha.

Musi waChikunguru 15, National Development and Reform Commission uye National Energy Administration yakapa "Action Plan yeLow-carbon Shanduko uye Kuvaka kweMagetsi Power (2024-2027)", iyo yakataura kuti mushure mekushandurwa nekuvaka, magetsi emarasha anofanirwa kunge aine. kugona kusanganisa kupfuura 10% yegreen ammonia uye kupisa marasha. Kushandiswa uye carbon emission mazinga akaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kusanganisa ammonia kana yakachena ammonia mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji kutungamira kwekuderedza kuburitsa kabhoni mumunda wekugadzira magetsi.

Japan mutsigiri mukuru weammonia akasanganiswa emagetsi ekupisa. Japan yakagadzira "2021-2050 Japan Ammonia Fuel Roadmap" muna 2021, uye ichapedzisa kuratidzira uye kusimbiswa kwe20% yakasanganiswa ammonia mafuta mumagetsi emagetsi anopisa panosvika 2025; sezvo iyo ammonia yakasanganiswa tekinoroji inokura, chikamu ichi chichawedzera kupfuura 50%; panosvika 2040, yakachena ammonia power plant ichavakwa.

3. Hydrogen storage carrier

Ammonia inoshandiswa semutakuri wehaidhirojeni, uye inoda kuenda kuburikidza nemaitiro eammonia synthesis, liquefaction, kutakura, uye kuburitsazve gaseous hydrogen. Iyo yese nzira yekushandurwa kweammonia-hydrogen yakakura.

Parizvino, kune nzira nhanhatu dzinokosha dzekuchengetedza hydrogen uye yekufambisa: yakakwirira-kumanikidza silinda kuchengetedza uye kutakura, pombi gaseous kudzvanywa yekufambisa, yakaderera-tembiricha yemvura hydrogen kuchengetedza uye yekufambisa, yemvura organic kuchengetedza uye kutakura, liquid ammonia kuchengetedza uye kutakura, uye simbi. yakasimba hydrogen kuchengetedza uye kutakura. Pakati pavo, liquid ammonia kuchengetedza uye chekufambisa ndeyekubvisa hydrogen kuburikidza neammonia synthesis, liquefaction, chekufambisa, uye regasification. Ammonia inonyungudutswa pa -33°C kana 1MPa. Mutengo wehydrogenation/dehydrogenation account inodarika 85%. Haisi kunzwa kureba kwekufambisa uye inokodzera kuchengetwa kwepakati uye kure-kure uye kutakura kweakawanda hydrogen, kunyanya kutakura kwegungwa. Ndiyo imwe yedzakanyanya kuvimbisa nzira dzekuchengetedza hydrogen uye kutakura mune ramangwana.

4. Chemical raw materials

Sezvinogoneka girinhi nitrogen fetiraiza uye chikuru mbishi zvinhu zvegirinhi makemikari, giriniammoniaichakurudzira zvakasimba kukurumidza kukura kwe "green ammonia + green fertilizer" uye "green ammonia chemicals" maketani emaindasitiri.

Kuenzaniswa neyakagadzirwa ammonia inogadzirwa kubva kufossil simba, zvinotarisirwa kuti green ammonia haizokwanisa kuumba kukwikwidza kunoshanda sekemikari raw material pamberi pa2035.