Mumakore zana apfuura, nyika pasi rose dziri kutsvaga tekinoroji yesimba, uye green green technology, iyo yagara ichishanda kwemakore akawanda.amoniyairi kuva chinhu chinonyanya kutariswa pasi rose munguva pfupi yapfuura. Kana ichienzaniswa nehydrogen, ammonia iri kuwedzera kubva mumunda wefetereza yekurima yechinyakare kuenda mumunda wesimba nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo zviri pachena mukuchengetedza nekutakura.

Faria, nyanzvi paYunivhesiti yeTwente muNetherlands, akati nekukwira kwemitengo yecarbon, ammonia yegirini inogona kunge iri mambo wemangwana wemafuta emvura.

Saka, chii chaizvo chinonzi green ammonia? Chii chiri kukura kwayo? Ndezvipi zviitiko zvekushandiswa kwayo? Inodhura here?

Green ammonia uye mamiriro ayo ekukura

Hydrogen ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekugadziraamoniyakugadzirwa. Saka, zvichienderana nekusiyana kwemhepo inoburitswa nekabhoni mukugadzirwa kwehydrogen, amoniya inogonawo kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvinotevera neruvara:

Gireyiamoniya: Yakagadzirwa nesimba rechinyakare rezvisaririra (gasi rechisikigo nemarasha).

Ammonia yebhuruu: Hydrogen isina kubikwa inotorwa kubva mumafuta ekare, asi tekinoroji yekubata nekuchengetedza kabhoni inoshandiswa mukuchenesa.

Ammonia yebhuruu-girini: Maitiro e methane pyrolysis anoparadza methane kuita hydrogen nekabhoni. Hydrogen inotorwa mukuita uku inoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira ammonia uchishandisa magetsi egirini.

Ammonia yegirini: Magetsi egirini anokonzerwa nesimba rinogona kushandiswazve semhepo nesimba rezuva anoshandiswa kugadzira electrolyze yemvura kuti igadzire hydrogen, uye ammonia inogadzirwa kubva kunitrogen nehydrogen mumhepo.

Nekuti ammonia yegirini inogadzira nitrogen nemvura mushure mekutsva, uye haiburitse kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, ammonia yegirini inoonekwa semafuta "asina kabhoni" uye imwe yesimba rakakosha rakachena mune ramangwana.

Ruvara rwegirini rwepasi roseamoniyaMusika uchiri kutanga. Kubva pamaonero epasi rose, saizi yemusika we green ammonia inosvika US$36 miriyoni muna 2021 uye inotarisirwa kusvika US$5.48 bhiriyoni muna 2030, neavhareji yekukura kwemakemikari pagore ye74.8%, iyo ine mukana wakakura. Yundao Capital inofanotaura kuti kugadzirwa kwe green ammonia pasi rose pagore kuchapfuura matani mamiriyoni makumi maviri muna 2030 uye kuchapfuura matani mamiriyoni mazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu muna 2050, zvichireva zvinopfuura 80% yekugadzirwa kwe ammonia pasi rose.

Kubva munaGunyana 2023, mapurojekiti anopfuura makumi matanhatu e green ammonia akaiswa pasi rose, aine huwandu hwakarongwa hwekugadzira hunopfuura matani mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu pagore. Mapurojekiti e green ammonia kunze kwenyika anonyanya kugoverwa muAustralia, South America, Europe neMiddle East.

Kubva muna 2024, indasitiri ye green ammonia muChina yakawedzera nekukurumidza. Zvichienderana nenhamba dzisina kukwana, kubvira muna 2024, mapurojekiti anopfuura makumi maviri e green hydrogen ammonia akasimudzirwa. Envision Technology Group, China Energy Construction, State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group, nezvimwewo zvakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri eyuan mukusimudzira mapurojekiti e green ammonia, ayo achaburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwekugadzira green ammonia mune ramangwana.

Maitiro ekushandisa green ammonia

Sesimba rakachena, ammonia yegirini ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa mune ramangwana. Kuwedzera pakushandiswa kwekare kwekurima nemaindasitiri, inonyanya kusanganisira kusanganisa kugadzira magetsi, mafuta ekufambisa, kugadzirisa kabhoni, kuchengetedza hydrogen nedzimwe nzvimbo.

1. Indasitiri yekutumira zvinhu

Kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide kubva mukutakura zvinhu kunoumba 3% kusvika 4% yemhepo inoburitsa carbon dioxide pasi rose. Muna 2018, International Maritime Organisation yakatora nzira yekutanga yekuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa, ichikurudzira kuti panosvika 2030, kuburitswa kwemhepo inoburitsa carbon dioxide pasi rose kuchaderedzwa neinenge 40% zvichienzaniswa ne2008, uye kuedza kudzikisa ne70% panosvika 2050. Kuti tiwane kudzikiswa kwecarbon dioxide uye kubvisa carbonization muindasitiri yekutakura zvinhu, mafuta akachena anotsiva simba refossil ndiyo nzira yehunyanzvi inovimbisa zvikuru.

Muindasitiri yekutumira zvinhu, vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti ammonia yegirini ndeimwe yemafuta makuru ekubvisa kabhoni muindasitiri yekutumira zvinhu mune ramangwana.

Lloyd's Register of Shipping yakambofanotaura kuti pakati pa2030 na2050, huwandu hweammonia semafuta ekutumira huchawedzera kubva pa7% kusvika pa20%, zvichitsiva gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa nemamwe mafuta kuti ave mafuta anonyanya kukosha ekutumira.

2. Indasitiri yekugadzira magetsi

AmoniyaKupisa hakuburitsi CO2, uye kupisa kwakasanganiswa neammonia kunogona kushandisa nzvimbo dziripo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa marasha pasina shanduko huru kumuviri weboiler. Iyi inzira inoshanda yekuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide mumagetsi anofambiswa marasha.

Musi wa15 Chikunguru, National Development and Reform Commission pamwe neNational Energy Administration vakaburitsa "Action Plan for Low-carbon Transformation and Construction of Coal Power (2024-2027)", iyo yakakurudzira kuti mushure mekushandurwa nekuvakwa, mayuniti emagetsi emarasha anofanira kunge aine kugona kusanganisa anopfuura 10% yeammonia yegirini nekupisa marasha. Kushandiswa uye huwandu hwecarbon emissions hunoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kusanganisa ammonia kana ammonia yakachena mumayuniti emagetsi ekupisa inzira yakakosha yehunyanzvi yekuderedza carbon emission mumunda wekugadzira magetsi.

Japan ndiyo kambani huru inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi anokonzerwa neammonia. Japan yakagadzira "2021-2050 Japan Ammonia Fuel Roadmap" muna 2021, uye ichapedzisa kuratidza nekusimbisa 20% yemafuta anokonzerwa neammonia mumafekitori emagetsi anodziya panosvika 2025; sezvo tekinoroji yeammonia blended ichikura, huwandu uhu huchawedzera kusvika pa50%; panosvika 2040, fekitori yemagetsi yakachena yeammonia ichavakwa.

3. Chinotakura kuchengetera hydrogen

Amoniya inoshandiswa senzira yekuchengetera hydrogen, uye inofanirwa kupfuura nepakati pemaitiro ekugadzira ammonia, kunyungudutsa, kutakurwa, uye kuburitswazve kwehydrogen ine gasi. Maitiro ese ekushandura ammonia nehydrogen anenge akura.

Parizvino, kune nzira nhanhatu huru dzekuchengetedza nekutakura hydrogen: kuchengetedza nekutakura macylinder ane pressure yakakwira, kutakurwa kwegasi repaipi, kuchengetedza nekutakura hydrogen yemvura ine tembiricha yakaderera, kuchengetedza nekutakura organic yemvura, kuchengetedza nekutakura ammonia yemvura, uye kuchengetedza nekutakura hydrogen yakasimba yesimbi. Pakati padzo, kuchengetedza nekutakura ammonia yemvura ndeyekubvisa hydrogen kuburikidza nekugadzira ammonia, kunyungudutsa, kutakura, uye kugadzirisa gasification. Ammonia inonyungudika pa -33°C kana 1MPa. Mutengo wehydrogenation/dehydrogenation unodarika 85%. Haina hanya nedaro rekutakura uye yakakodzera kuchengetwa nekutakura hydrogen yakawanda iri pakati nepakati neparefu, kunyanya kutakurwa kwegungwa. Ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinovimbisa dzekuchengetedza nekutakura hydrogen mune ramangwana.

4. Zvinhu zvemakemikari

Semushonga we nitrogen wakasvibirira uye chinhu chikuru chekugadzira makemikari akasvibirira, greenamoniyazvichakurudzira zvikuru kukura nekukurumidza kwe "green ammonia + green fertilizer" uye "green ammonia chemical" maindasitiri.

Kana tichienzanisa neammonia yakagadzirwa kubva musimba remafossil, zvinotarisirwa kuti ammonia yegirini haizokwanisi kukwikwidzana sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemakemikari gore ra2035 risati rasvika.