Vesainzi nemainjiniya vakaedza chibharumu cheVenus muNevada's Black Rock Desert muna Chikunguru 2022. Motokari yakadzika pasi yakabudirira kupedza ndege mbiri dzekutanga dzekuyedza.

Nekupisa kwayo kunopisa uye kumanikidza kwakanyanya, Venus' nzvimbo ine hutsinye uye hairegereri. Muchokwadi, probes dzakamhara ipapo kusvika parizvino dzakangotora maawa mashoma zvakanyanya. Asi panogona kunge paine imwe nzira yekuongorora nyika iyi ine ngozi uye inonakidza kupfuura inotenderera, inotenderera zuva chinhambwe chinhambwe kubva paPasi. Ndiyo bharumu. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) muPasadena, Calif., Yakashuma muna Gumiguru 10, 2022 kuti bharumu remuchadenga, imwe yemarobhoti ayo emuchadenga pfungwa, yakabudirira kupedza ndege mbiri dzekuyedza pamusoro peNevada.

Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa test prototype, shrunken vhezheni yebharumu iyo yaigona chaizvo rimwe zuva kukukurwa nepakati pemakore matema eVenus.

Chekutanga Venus bharumu prototype bvunzo ndege

Iyo yakarongwa Venus Aerobot ndeye 40 tsoka (12 metres) mudhayamita, ingangoita 2/3 saizi yeiyo prototype.

Chikwata chemasayendisiti nemainjiniya kubva kuJPL neNear Space Corporation muTillamook, Oregon, vakaita rwendo rwekuyedza ndege. Kubudirira kwavo kunoratidza kuti mabharumu eVenusian anofanirwa kurarama mumhepo yakakora yenyika yakavakidzana ino. PaVenus, chibharumu chinobhururuka chakareba makiromita makumi mashanu neshanu pamusoro pevhu. Kufananidza tembiricha uye kuwanda kwemhepo yeVenus muyedzo, timu yakasimudza bharumu rekuyedza kusvika pakakwirira 1 km.

Munzira dzose, bharumu rinozvibata sezvarakagadzirwa. Jacob Izraelevitz, Principal Investigator weJPL Flight Test, Robotics Specialist, akati: “Tinofara zvikuru nekuita kweiyo prototype. Yakatangisa, yakaratidza inodzorwa altitude maneuver, uye takaidzosa muchimiro chakanaka mushure mekufamba nendege dzose. Takarekodha data rakawanda kubva mundege idzi uye tinotarisira kuishandisa kuvandudza mamodheru edu ekuenzanisa tisati taongorora nyika yedu.

Paul Byrne weWashington University kuSt. Louis uye anoshanda neaerospace science sainzi akawedzera kuti: “Kubudirira kwendege dzebvunzo idzi kunoreva zvakawanda kwatiri: Takabudirira kuratidza ruzivo rwemichina inodiwa kuongorora gore reVenus. Iyi bvunzo inoisa hwaro hwekuti tingagonesa sei kwenguva yakareba robhoti kuongorora paVenus 'hero yepamusoro.

Kufamba muVenus mhepo

Saka sei mabharumu? NASA inoda kudzidza nharaunda yeVenus 'mhepo yakadzikira zvakanyanya kuti orbiter iongorore. Kusiyana nevaridzi venyika, vanovhuvhuta mukati memaawa mashoma, mabharumu anogona kuyangarara nemhepo kwemavhiki kana kuti kunyange mwedzi, achikukurwa kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero. Bharumu rinogonawo kuchinja urefu hwaro pakati pe171,000 ne203,000 feet (52 to 62 kilometers) pamusoro pedenga.

Zvisinei, marobhoti anobhururuka haasi oga oga. Inoshanda ne orbiter pamusoro peVenus 'atmosphere. Pamusoro pekuita zviedzo zvesainzi, bharumu rinoitawo senzira yekufambiswa kwenhaurirano neinotenderera.

Mabharumu mumabharumu

Iyo prototype ndeye "bharumu mukati mebharumu," vaongorori vakadaro. Pressurizedheliuminozadza rigid internal reservoir. Zvichakadaro, iyo inochinjika yekunze helium balloon inogona kuwedzera uye chibvumirano. Mabharumu anogonawo kukwira kumusoro kana kudonha pasi. Inoita izvi nerubatsiro rweheliumvents. Kana boka remamishinari raida kusimudza bharumu, raiburitsa herium kubva mudura remukati kuenda kubharumu rekunze. Kudzosera bharumu panzvimbo, iyoheliuminopinzwazve mudura. Izvi zvinoita kuti bharumu rekunze riite kondirakiti uye kurasikirwa nekumwe kubhuya.

Nzvimbo inoparadza

Pakurongeka kwakarongwa kwemakiromita makumi mashanu neshanu pamusoro peVenus, tembiricha haina kuomarara uye mhepo yemuchadenga haina kusimba. Asi chikamu ichi chemhepo yeVenus chichiri chakaomarara, nekuti makore azere nemadonhwe esulfuric acid. Kubatsira kutsungirira mhoteredzo iyi ichiita ngura, mainjiniya akavaka chibharumu kubva muzvikamu zvakawanda zvezvinhu. Izvo zvinhu zvine acid-inodzivirira coating, metallization kuderedza kupisa kwezuva, uye yemukati layer inoramba yakasimba zvakakwana kutakura zviridzwa zvesainzi. Kunyangwe zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira acid. Kuongororwa kwendege kwakaratidza kuti zvinhu uye kuvakwa kwebharumu kunofanirawo kushanda paVenus. Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuti Venus kupona zvinonetsa kugadzira, uye kusimba kwekubata kwatakaratidza mukuvhurwa kwedu kweNevada nekupora kunotipa chivimbo mukuvimbika kwemabharumu edu paVenus.

Kwemakumi emakore, mamwe masayendisiti nemainjiniya vakakurudzira mabharumu senzira yekuongorora Venus. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nokukurumidza. Mufananidzo neNASA.

Sayenzi muVenus 'Atmosphere

Masayendisiti anoshongedza mabharumu ekuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwesainzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvaga masaisai anonzwika mumhepo inogadzirwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kweVenusian. Zvimwe zvekuongorora zvinonyanya kufadza zvichave kuumbwa kwemhepo pachayo.Carbon dioxideinoumba yakawanda yemhepo yeVenus, ichikuchidzira kutiza greenhouse effect yaita kuti Venus ive gehena rakadaro pamusoro. Ongororo itsva inogona kupa zviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuti izvi zvakaitika sei chaizvo. Kutaura zvazviri, masayendisiti anoti mumazuva ekutanga, Venus yaimbofanana neNyika. Saka chii chakaitika?

Ehe, sezvo masayendisiti akashuma kuwanikwa kwephosphine mumhepo yeVenus muna 2020, mubvunzo wehupenyu hunogona kuitika mumakore eVenus wakamutsidzira kufarira. Mabviro ephosphine haana kukwana, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvichiri kukahadzika kuvapo kwayo. Asi mabharumu mamishini seaya angave akanakira kuongorora kwakadzama kwemakore uye pamwe kutoona chero hutachiona zvakananga. Balloon misheni seizvi inogona kubatsira kuburitsa zvimwe zveChakavanzika chinovhiringidza uye chinonetsa.