Heliumnderimwe remagasi mashoma akareruka kupfuura mweya. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti yakagadzikana, haina ruvara, haina kunhuwa uye haina kukuvadza, saka isarudzo yakanaka kwazvo kuishandisa kuvhuvhuta mabharumu anozvitenderedza.

Iye zvino helium inowanzonzi "gasi rare pasi" kana "gasi regoridhe".Heliuminowanzoonekwa seyo chete yechokwadi isingadzokerike chiwanikwa paNyika. Iyo yakawanda yaunoshandisa, ishoma yaunayo, uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa.

Saka, mubvunzo unonakidza ndewekuti, chii chinonzi helium uye nei isingadzokerikezve?

Herium yepasi inobva kupi?

Heliumiri pachinzvimbo chechipiri patafura yeperiodic. Muchokwadi, ihwowo chinhu chechipiri chakanyanya kuwanda muchadenga, chechipiri kune haidrojeni, asi helium ishoma paPasi.

Izvi zvinodaroheliumine valence ye zero uye haina kuita kemikari maitiro pasi pemamiriro ese akajairwa. Kazhinji inongowanikwa chete muchimiro chehelium (Iye) nemagasi ayo eisotope.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, nokuti iine chiedza zvikuru, kana ichingoonekwa pamusoro penyika muchimiro chegasi, inopukunyuka nyore nyore muchadenga panzvimbo pokuramba iri panyika. Mushure memazana emamiriyoni emakore ekupukunyuka, pane helium shoma yasara paPasi, asi huwandu hwazvino hwehelium mumhepo inogona kuramba yakachengetwa inosvika zvikamu zvishanu nemazana maviri pamiriyoni.

Izvi zvinodaro nekuti Earth lithosphere icharamba ichigadziraheliumkutsiva kurasikirwa kwayo kwokupukunyuka. Sezvatakambotaura, helium kazhinji haiitike maitikiro emakemikari, saka inogadzirwa sei?

Yakawanda yehelium iri paNyika inogadzirwa nekuora kwemwaranzi, kunyanya kuora kweuranium uye thorium. Iyi ndiyo chete nzira yekugadzira helium parizvino. Isu hatigone kugadzira helium yekugadzira kuburikidza nemakemikari maitiro. Yakawanda yehelium inoumbwa nekuora kwechisikigo ichapinda mumhepo, ichichengetedza helium concentration ichiramba ichirasika, asi imwe yacho ichavharwa ne lithosphere. Iwo akakiyiwa helium anowanzo kusanganiswa mugasi rechisikigo, uye pakupedzisira anogadzirwa uye akaparadzaniswa nevanhu.

Chii chinonzi helium chinoshandiswa?

Helium ine yakanyanya kuderera solubility uye yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity. Aya maitiro anobvumira kuti ishandiswe munzvimbo dzakawanda, senge welding, pressurization uye kuchenesa, iyo yose inoda kushandisa helium.

Zvisinei, chii chinoita chaizvoheliumiyo "golden gas" inzvimbo yayo yakaderera yekuvira. Iyo yakakosha tembiricha uye nzvimbo yekubikira yemvura helium i5.20K uye 4.125K zvakateerana, ari padyo neabsolute zero uye yakaderera pakati pezvinhu zvese.

Izvi zvinoitamvura heliuminoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu cryogenics uye kutonhora kwe superconductors.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvicharatidza superconductivity pane tembiricha yemvura nitrogen, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kudzikira tembiricha. Vanofanira kushandisa helium yemvura uye haigoni kutsiviwa. Semuyenzaniso, iyo superconducting zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumagineti resonance imaging midziyo uye European Large Hadron Collider zvese zvakatonhodzwa nemvura helium.

Kambani yedu iri kufunga kupinda mundima yehelium yemvura, ndapota ramba wakatarisa.