Vagadziri vemachip vari kutarisana nematambudziko matsva. Indasitiri iyi iri panjodzi nekuda kwenjodzi itsva mushure mekunge denda reCOVID-19 rakonzera matambudziko ekutengesa zvinhu. Russia, imwe yevatengesi vakuru pasi rose vemagasi akanaka anoshandiswa mukugadzira masemiconductor, yatanga kudzora kutengeswa kwenyika dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Aya magasi anonzi "akanaka" akadai seneon, argon uyeheliyamu.
Ichi chimwe chishandiso chePutin chekukurudzira hupfumi kunyika dzakaisa zvirango kuMoscow nekuda kwekupinda muUkraine. Hondo isati yatanga, Russia neUkraine pamwe chete dzaive nechikamu chinosvika makumi matatu muzana chezvekuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa izvi.neonGasi remagetsi e semiconductor nemagetsi, sekureva kweBain & Company. Mitemo yekutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika inouya panguva iyo indasitiri nevatengi vayo vari kutanga kubuda mudambudziko guru rekuwanikwa kwezvinhu. Gore rapfuura, vagadziri vemotokari vakaderedza kugadzirwa kwemotokari zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushomeka kwema chip, sekureva kweLMC Automotive. Kutumirwa kwezvinhu kunotarisirwa kuvandudzika muhafu yechipiri yegore.
Neonine basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwema semiconductor sezvo ichisanganisira maitiro anonzi lithography. Gasi iri rinodzora urefu hwechiedza chinogadzirwa ne laser, iyo inonyora "zvisaririra" pa silicon wafer. Hondo isati yatanga, Russia yakaunganidza mbishi.neonsechigadzirwa chekuwedzera pafekitori dzayo dzesimbi ndokuitumira kuUkraine kuti icheneswe. Nyika dzese dziri mbiri dzaive vagadziri vakuru vemagasi akanaka enguva yeSoviet, ayo Soviet Union yakashandisa kuvaka tekinoroji yemauto neyemuchadenga, asi hondo muUkraine yakakonzera kukuvara kwenguva refu kuhunyanzvi hweindasitiri. Kurwa kwakanyanya mumaguta eUkraine, kusanganisira Mariupol neOdessa, kwakaparadza ivhu remaindasitiri, zvichiita kuti zviome kutumira zvinhu kubva munharaunda iyi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kubva pakapinda Crimea muRussia muna 2014, vagadziri vemagetsi epasi rose vari kuita semiconductors zvishoma nezvishoma vave kusavimba zvakanyanya nedunhu iri.neonGasi muUkraine neRussia kare rave riri pakati pe80% ne90%, asi rave richiderera kubva muna 2014. Riri pasi pechikamu chimwe muzvitatu. Kwava kutanga kutaura kuti mitemo yeRussia yekutumira kunze ichakanganisa sei vagadziri vema semiconductor. Kusvika pari zvino, hondo muUkraine haina kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwemachipisi nguva dzose.
Asi kunyangwe kana vagadziri vakakwanisa kutsiva kurasikirwa kwemafuta munzvimbo iyi, vanogona kunge vachibhadhara mari yakawanda yemafuta anokosha. Mitengo yavo inowanzo kuve yakaoma kuitevera nekuti yakawanda yacho inotengeswa kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvenguva refu zvepachivande, asi sekureva kweCNN, vachiratidza nyanzvi, mutengo wemafuta eNeon wakawedzera kashanu kubva pakapinda Ukraine muUkraine uye ucharamba uri padanho iri kwenguva yakareba.
South Korea, musha wekambani yetekinoroji yeSamsung, ndiyo ichave yekutanga kunzwa "kurwadziwa" nekuti inovimba zvakanyanya nemafuta akanaka anotengwa kunze kwenyika uye, kusiyana neUS, Japan neEurope, haina makambani makuru egasi anogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa. Gore rapfuura, Samsung yakadarika Intel muUnited States kuti ive kambani inogadzira ma semiconductor makuru pasi rose. Nyika dziri kumhanya-mhanya kuti dziwedzere kugona kwadzo kugadzira machipisi mushure memakore maviri edenda, zvichidzisiya dzakatarisana nekusagadzikana muzvikamu zvepasi rose.
Intel yakazvipira kubatsira hurumende yeUS uye pakutanga kwegore rino yakazivisa kuti yaizoisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora mumafekitori maviri matsva. Gore rapfuura, Samsung yakavimbisawo kuvaka fekitori inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemanomwe emadhora muTexas. Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemachipisi kunogona kukonzera kudiwa kwakanyanya kwemagasi akanaka. Sezvo Russia ichityisidzira kuderedza kutengesa kwayo kunze kwenyika, China inogona kuva imwe yevakakunda zvikuru, sezvo ine simba guru uye idzva rekugadzira. Kubva muna 2015, China yave ichiisa mari muindasitiri yayo yesemiconductor, kusanganisira michina inodiwa kuparadzanisa magasi akanaka kubva kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-23-2022
