Chipmakers vari kutarisana nematambudziko matsva. Iyo indasitiri iri kutyisidzirwa kubva kunjodzi nyowani mushure mekunge COVID-19 denda ragadzira matambudziko ekupa cheni. Russia, imwe yemakambani makuru pasi rose epasi rose emagasi akanaka anoshandiswa mukugadzira semiconductor, yatanga kuganhurira kutengesa kunze kwenyika kunyika dzainoti dzine utsinye. Aya ndiwo anonzi "noble" magasi akadaineonargon uyehelium.
Ichi chimwezve chishandiso chekusimudzira hupfumi hwaPutin kunyika dzakatemera zvirango kuMoscow nekuda kwekupinda muUkraine. Hondo isati yatanga, Russia neUkraine pamwe chete dzakaverengera nezve 30 muzana yekupihwa kweneongasi resemiconductors uye zvemagetsi zvikamu, maererano neBain & Company. Izvo zvinorambidzwa kunze kwenyika zvinouya panguva iyo indasitiri nevatengi vayo vari kutanga kubuda kubva mudambudziko rakaipisisa rekupa. Gore rapfuura, vagadziri vemotokari vakacheka kugadzirwa kwemotokari zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushomeka kwechip, maererano neLMC Automotive. Kuendeswa kunotarisirwa kuvandudza muhafu yechipiri yegore.
Neoninobata basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwesemiconductor sezvo inosanganisira nzira inonzi lithography. Iyo gasi inodzora urefu hwechiedza chinogadzirwa nelaser, iyo inonyora "trace" pasilicon wafer. Pamberi pehondo, Russia yakaunganidza mbishineonsechigadzirwa pamiti yayo yesimbi uye yakatumirwa kuUkraine kuti icheneswe. Nyika mbiri idzi ndidzo dzakanyanya kugadzira magasi enguva yeSoviet, akashandiswa neSoviet Union kuvaka tekinoroji yemauto neyemuchadenga, asi hondo yeUkraine yakakonzera kukuvadzwa kusingaperi kwekugona kweindasitiri. Kurwa kwakanyanya mune mamwe maguta ekuUkraine, anosanganisira Mariupol neOdessa, kwaparadza ivhu remaindasitiri, izvo zvaita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kutengesa zvinhu kubva mudunhu iri.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kubva pakupinda kweRussia muCrimea muna 2014, vagadziri vepasi rose semiconductor zvishoma nezvishoma vave vasingavimbi nenharaunda. Chikamu chekugovera cheneongasi muUkraine uye Russia ane nhoroondo hovered pakati 80% uye 90%, asi yakaramba kubva 2014. isingasviki chetatu. Kuchiri mangwanani kutaura kuti zvirambidzo zveRussia zvekunze zvichakanganisa sei vanogadzira semiconductor. Kusvika pari zvino, hondo yeUkraine haina kukanganisa kuwanda kwechipisi.
Asi kunyangwe kana vagadziri vakakwanisa kugadzirisa nzvimbo yakarasika mudunhu, vanogona kunge vachibhadhara zvakanyanya kune yakakosha gasi. Mitengo yavo inowanzonetsa kutevedzera nekuti mazhinji anotengeswa kuburikidza neakavanzika enguva refu zvibvumirano, asi maererano neCNN, ichitaura nezvenyanzvi, mutengo wechibvumirano chegasi neon wakakwira zvakapetwa kashanu kubva pakapinda Ukraine uye uchaita kuti urambe uri padanho iri zvishoma. nguva refu.
South Korea, kumusha kune tech hofori Samsung, ichave yekutanga kunzwa "kurwadziwa" nekuti inotsamira zvachose pane yakanakisa gasi kutengwa kunze uye, kusiyana neUS, Japan neEurope, haina makambani makuru egasi anogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa. Gore rapfuura, Samsung Yakapfuura Intel muUnited States kuita mugadziri mukuru wepasirese semiconductor. Nyika dzave kumhanya mhanya kuti dzikwidziridze kugadzirwa kwechip mushure memakore maviri edenda, zvichivasiya vachioneswa hutsinye nekusagadzikana mumaketani epasi rose.
Intel yakazvipira kubatsira hurumende yeUS uye pakutanga kwegore rino yakazivisa kuti ichaisa madhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri mumafekitori maviri matsva. Gore rapfuura, Samsung yakavimbisawo kuvaka fekitori yemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemanomwe muTexas. Kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwechip kunogona kukonzera kudiwa kwakanyanya kwemagasi akanaka. Sezvo Russia inotyisidzira kumisa kutengesa kunze kwenyika, China inogona kuve imwe yevakundi zvikuru, sezvo iine yakakura uye nyowani yekugadzira. Kubva 2015, China yanga ichidyara muindasitiri yayo yega semiconductor, kusanganisira michina inodiwa kupatsanura magasi akanaka kubva kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-23-2022
